Full Stack Java Course in Pune

6. What are the common design patterns used in Java development?

1. • Answer: Common design patterns include Singleton, Factory, Observer, Decorator, Strategy, and DAO (Data Access Object) patterns. These patterns provide reusable solutions to common problems in software design.

7. How do you handle exceptions in Java?

1. • Answer: Exceptions in Java are handled using try-catch blocks. The try block contains code that might throw an exception, while catch blocks handle specific exceptions. Finally, blocks can be used for cleanup code that must execute regardless of whether an

8. What is the significance of the’static’ keyword in Java?

1. • Answer: The static keyword in Java indicates that a particular member (variable or method) belongs to the class itself, rather than instances of the class. Static members can be accessed without creating an instance of the class.

9. Can you explain the MVC (Model-View-Controller) architecture?

1. • Answer: MVC is a design pattern that separates an application into three interconnected components:
     • Model: represents the application’s data and business logic.
     • View: Displays the data (UI).
     • Controller: handles user input and updates the model and view accordingly.

10. Describe the difference between RESTful and SOAP web services.

1. • Answer: RESTful web services use HTTP requests to perform CRUD operations, are stateless, lightweight, and use JSON or XML for data exchange. SOAP web services rely on an XML-based messaging protocol, are more rigid with a standard set of rules, and are generally more secure but also more complex.

11. What is the Spring Framework, and why is it used?

1. • Answer: Spring Framework is an open-source framework that provides comprehensive infrastructure support for developing Java applications. It is used for its dependency injection, aspect-oriented programming, and ability to build robust, scalable, and secure enterprise applications.

12. How do you manage dependencies in a Spring Boot application?

1. • Answer: Dependencies in a Spring Boot application are managed using build tools like Maven or Gradle. These tools use a configuration file (pom.xml for Maven, build.gradle for Gradle) to specify and automatically download the required libraries and their dependencies.

13. What is hibernate, and how does it relate to ORM (object-relational mapping)?

1. • Answer: Hibernate is a popular ORM framework for Java that maps Java objects to database tables. It abstracts the database interactions, allowing developers to write database queries using HQL (Hibernate Query Language) or through the entity’s properties.

14. Can you explain the difference between SQL and NoSQL databases?

1. • Answer: SQL databases are relational, table-based databases that use structured query language (SQL) for defining and manipulating data. NoSQL databases are non-relational, can be document-based, key-value pairs, wide-column stores, or graph databases, and they handle large volumes of unstructured or semi-structured data.

15. How do you optimise the performance of a web application?

1. • Answer: Performance optimisation can be achieved through:
     • Caching frequently-accessed data.
     • Using efficient database queries.
     • Minimising HTTP requests.
     • Compressing resources like images and scripts.
     • Using content delivery networks (CDNs).
     • Code optimisation and profiling.

16.What are microservices, and how do they differ from monolithic architecture?

1. • Answer: Microservices architecture involves breaking down an application into smaller, independent services that can be developed, deployed, and scaled independently. Monolithic architecture, on the other hand, is a single unified unit where all functionalities are interconnected and deployed together. Microservices offer better scalability and fault tolerance compared to monolithic architecture.

17.How do you ensure security in a web application?

1. • Answer: Security can be ensured through:
     • Implementing authentication and authorization.
     • Using HTTPS.
     • Validating and sanitizing user inputs.
     • Preventing SQL injection, XSS, and CSRF attacks.
     • Regular security audits and patching vulnerabilities.
     • Using security frameworks and libraries.

18.What is responsive design, and how do you implement it?

1. • Answer: Responsive design ensures that web applications look and function well on different devices and screen sizes. It is implemented using flexible grids, layouts, images, and CSS media queries to adapt the content to various screens.

19.Explain the concept of version control and your experience with tools like Git.

1. • Answer: Version control is a system that records changes to files over time so that specific versions can be recalled later. Git is a distributed version control system that allows multiple developers to work on a project simultaneously, manage code changes, and track history. I have used Git for source code management, branching, merging, and collaborating on projects.

20.Can you describe a challenging project you’ve worked on and how you overcame the difficulties?

1. • Answer: [Personalize this answer with your experience]. For example, in one project, we faced performance issues due to inefficient database queries. I optimized the queries, implemented caching mechanisms, and conducted thorough code reviews to improve the application’s performance significantly. This required collaboration with the team and extensive testing to ensure the changes were effective.